The BPS Research Digest Issue 116

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The BPS Research Digest Issue 116

________________________________________
| The BPS Research Digest
| Issue 116
| http://www.researchdigest.org.uk/blog% l3 R& S: h& h! p" ?2 [
| _______________________________________

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Contents
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1. Non-clinical community samples - just how non-clinical are they?
2. Hearing music that isn't there
3. Space is compressed by a fast turn of your head
4. It matters how much blood video games have in them" J- O+ J; O( @8 q6 o% U
5. The price of thinking "It would have been worse under Saddam"
6. Is borderline personality really associated with enhanced empathy?8 V) w- ~' I2 G8 k; K1 ]5 k$ I
7. Link fest
8. Adverts - 1 New, scroll down to view
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Digest as PDF: http://tinyurl.com/qw4to

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Society information
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9. How to join the BPS
10. May's Psychologist magazine, £4 for Digest readers/ free to members.  W, Z5 p; D7 z, X' V; k
11. Acknowledgments

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The Research Digest is published fortnightly by the9 W9 k9 q; P7 Q7 I3 w
British Psychological Society

Editor: Dr Christian Jarrett* A3 q$ j- g  m3 x# G  @
christianjarrett@gmail.com' {1 K: w# j8 Z( c' L. `
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1. Just how non-clinical are so-called 'non-clinical community samples'9 i9 C; a5 F/ Q1 q$ ~: |
----------------------------------------
. G" |$ @6 d; e1 p
A practice common to [url=http://psysoper.com]psychology[/url] research is to take some measure - let's say* w7 `# v7 L! i3 K) ?0 a# d5 |% x8 h2 D4 M
amount of support from friends and family - and to compare people with( i- ~: }. i& j" ]- ^+ {5 l0 W
mental health problems and people without mental health problems, on this
measure. The trouble, according to Idia Thurston and her co-workers, is
where to find people without mental health problems.6 Y. k- t2 E. H% F

The tactic used by most researchers is to recruit from the wider community,0 S5 M  }8 T, F6 H
for example by advertising in the local paper. But Thurston's team argue a9 }+ F$ r9 |; j* H% L+ y! A
large proportion of the general community actually have their own mental3 o: Q9 |; Y7 @8 I& C! s) S- Z
health problems, and many of them are receiving therapy, something many
researchers fail to screen for. This means that what research papers: Y, P7 R$ Y* T# Q: }
describe as a "non-clinical community sample" may not be so "non-clinical"3 N% B/ a9 L: o, |  q
after all.3 I, J; U5 u5 f8 Z; d3 J- e
% y5 P& A( p) @! I+ C- C* r$ O& i
Thurston and her colleagues assessed 224 families recruited through adverts* L' m( Y, g9 A- d' B. W
in local newspapers in south eastern USA as part of a larger study. They! Q) x5 U0 m2 U' B3 ]1 t
found 11 per cent of the teenagers, 20 per cent of the mothers and 13 per# `/ n& g# G3 V7 @5 J
cent of the fathers met the diagnostic criteria for one or more psychiatric9 n4 t; C! }9 {) ~6 `9 T, e% x2 t
disorders. Moreover, 12 per cent of the teenagers, 20 per cent of the
mothers and 11 per cent of the fathers were currently in therapy. These two; I9 p8 d: _3 \
groups didn't completely overlap - for instance, there were 25 mothers who
met diagnostic criteria for a psychiatric disorder but who weren't in, h! [4 B8 Z! w% w) J! Y; Y
therapy.% B8 l/ ?& X3 i! s5 [2 Q3 b

Thurston's team said their findings have implications for research validity.! H' M5 J0 c9 u+ Z  z
Differences previously identified between clinical and so-called
"non-clinical" groups may be caused by a factor other than the clinical
status of the two groups.
% g6 I. u5 R* r0 A: b( F* w/ k1 A
Researchers should screen their community participants to find out if they
are currently experiencing mental distress or participating in therapy,# w+ U0 s  a! `6 w- \& M
Thurston's team advised. But as regards whether such participants should' `# j, {- `; w0 w0 C- H
then be excluded from research, Thurston and her colleagues said: "There is
no perfect answer, but rather, researchers must weigh the costs and benefits* M& K) \  r/ L. w( M
of their exclusionary criteria in relation to the goals of the study."& w" f. T) P5 a# t, m8 d0 a8 \
_________________________________
& V5 i5 @. V# Q1 K; Y
Thurston, I.B., Curley, J., Fields, S., Kamboukos, D., Rojas, A., Phares, V.
(2008). How nonclinical are community samples?. Journal of Community( ]& g( V5 l1 l  M& ~5 G7 v1 _1 T
[url=http://psysoper.com]psychology[/url], 36(4), 411-420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20223/ c) `! E, N6 S7 Z; N
) U, m  }; p8 I3 w9 \2 T
Author weblink: [url=http://[url=http://psysoper.com]psychology[/url].usf.edu/people/graduate_students/]http://[url=http://psysoper.com]psychology[/url].usf.edu/people/graduate_students/[/url]& i$ G9 C* T# c4 Q$ N) |

*Visit the DIGEST BLOG: http://www.researchdigest.org.uk/blog to comment on, m- b& U- }- x" q
this research, search past items and discover more links.
* a3 \- m9 @8 u" p) m
In the A-level syllabus: See modules on research methods.2 _/ v( E9 n- ]( V, [

----------------------------------------! P0 w4 \6 k- O: w
2. Hearing music that isn't there, ?: F: t$ p; t" C9 G- P
----------------------------------------8 @) t+ ^2 G) O5 o- J5 G  w1 ?
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You've probably been tormented by a catchy song playing over and over in
your head. Spare a thought then for those people for whom this phenomenon is
taken to the next level: the song or songs sound real and they play round) h( c+ [" e2 F0 Y
the clock. They have what's called 'musical hallucinosis'.

Besides hearing music that isn't there, such people often have no other
psychological complaints. However, people with the condition often have a1 A' ^3 M- G  I) \
degree of deafness and now Ramon Mocellin and colleagues have outlined an
explanation based on the idea that what these people are experiencing is
rather like an auditory phantom limb.

Mocellin's group begin by describing three typical cases. Case one was an
82-year-old patient who lived in a remote farm house. She reported loud! h1 c: v# D. p- g! V  ~
music to the police and even sent her husband driving round the, N) f; J9 f. G& ?
neighbourhood looking for the source. She eventually realised the music was% I& q. u# |0 |( Y' z/ b8 e% W
a 'trick of her imagination'. Apart from deafness, the woman had no other
neurological or psychiatric abnormalities.5 E0 b9 `# Q7 B* k& S( p

Case two was a 62-year-old surfer. He heard the opening bars of Jimi
Hendrix's Voodoo Child for six months, when there was really no sound there.
This man had mild deafness and smoked cannabis but otherwise had no other
relevant medical history.# \1 r9 H6 w& k& D- `. _
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The last case, a 78-year-old, was profoundly deaf, had Alzheimer's disease% h3 C* I$ p7 l0 j8 Q/ @3 X
and lived in a care home. He heard hymns and songs that were popular in the: B: |8 S6 @  j3 E( f1 a
1940s and 50s. Although he had cognitive impairments associated with
dementia, he had no other psychotic symptoms besides hearing music that$ S9 _1 t+ _" X
wasn't there.

Ramon Mocellin and his colleagues explained that people with musical/ G! _, H9 l6 H3 D- j/ l, G
hallucinosis generally realise that their auditory experiences are a trick
of the mind, thus distinguishing their symptoms from the hallucinations8 C# Q0 H1 w& v8 |( \. S$ X
experienced by people with psychosis, who generally believe their unusual
perceptions are real.

As we've seen, musical hallucinosis is often associated with deafness and; i, @5 |' u. c. g8 B# E$ g
Mocellin's team think the condition may reflect the spontaneous, aberrant' G8 x* s1 |  e4 U
firing of those brain cells whose job is to process music, if there were any# `! R, _. l9 \$ U( a7 x
to be heard. Higher brain levels then seek to make sense of this spontaneous: l5 R) C; A- h
firing, often drawing on musical memories in the process - hence the common
experience of perceiving music from previous eras.: S; h4 s! m  ]/ n
_________________________________

Mocellin, R., Walterfang, M., Velakoulis, D. (2008). Musical hallucinosis:
case reports and possible neurobiological models. Acta Neuropsychiatrica,- g8 `- H9 E/ p% ]/ W: }
20(2), 91-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5215.2007.00255.x' I6 l) \3 L6 t$ M4 t  [( l% T$ \

*Visit the DIGEST BLOG: http://www.researchdigest.org.uk/blog to comment on6 B' X. F: g! Y: f. |
this research, search past items and discover more links.7 B8 I) B. k/ j/ U8 f2 q) c
" C+ O. i2 x; N; k) Z$ Y* y
Further reading: Science writer Carl Zimmer wrote about musical hallucinosis
for The Sunday Telegraph in 2004 http://tinyurl.com/6a3hko8 P, T+ q2 [. C* C+ R( |

----------------------------------------
3. Space is compressed by a fast turn of your head
----------------------------------------: h+ y2 X7 T; }/ k) o, v4 _
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The raw immediacy of our waking lives leaves us feeling as though our five$ Q4 j1 r3 j( e7 _6 k0 |: B
senses give us a true, undistorted perception of the world. But a catalogue
of [url=http://psysoper.com]psychology[/url] experiments has shown this sense of experiencing the world "as# k8 W4 d, Q# ]7 }# \" P' ~9 {, K
it is" couldn't be further from the truth. Now with the latest demonstration
of the tricks our minds play, Johahn Leung and colleagues have reported that/ a" W* c& n( l. P
moving our heads fast has the effect of compressing auditory space - that1 o0 P( i: q5 \2 z% W& j8 _
is, sounds emitted just before a head turn are sucked perceptually towards
the target of the head movement.5 i% Z9 a7 X9 [  o8 h6 T' o5 }

Participants held their bodies still while shifting their heads as fast as
possible to a light that appeared either 30 degrees to the left or right.4 I+ A: d6 d+ v- ~" N& X5 L" u, m
Just before the start of their head turn, a sound was emitted from a mobile* _. X7 w* w) Y: x1 U3 F
speaker that could be located a range of distances beyond or nearer than the
light. Judged against a second comparison sound, the participants8 j" {3 i) ~+ k& e9 D
consistently mislocated the first sound as being nearer the target of their& W9 y9 E3 g- z- E! Z
head turn than it really was. It's as though auditory space was compressed. [4 p: U' D* s. ^( R/ B
towards the light at the moment just before they moved their heads.
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The finding replicates a similar spatial compression effect that occurs just
before people make fast saccadic eye movements. In this case, experts think- l% B2 l" I) J" g; N$ p; h
the compression is caused by brain cells adjusting their receptive fields in6 w6 d1 [' b! S( o- `; b
anticipation of where the eyes are going to be pointing after they've
finished moving. Leung and colleagues said a similar process probably( B; i- O$ N& P; L4 G
explains the current findings.  \; y, I: L$ r1 n
: w) J' ], b1 y1 {; W+ `+ d
In a final twist, the compression of auditory space didn't occur if  p; Q* @& g" g1 Y
participants indicated the location of the sound by pointing their nose in* A/ S. z# U- E+ _  f
its direction. Indicating the sound location in this way (rather than by
perceptual comparison with a second sound) probably relies on the brain's# _1 a, `. U0 c- q2 m- u
action pathway, which is known to be less affected by perceptual illusions.
_________________________________4 E8 ]9 C' M9 j: p) J- a! m
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Leung, J., Alais, D., Carlile, S. (2008). Compression of auditory space$ H6 Z. }' N4 M! h# n8 a
during rapid head turns. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.$ S9 N2 m0 l! w
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710837105

Author weblink: http://www.linkedin.com/pub/0/20/34B
- C* A% C5 R. G+ V- G# j
*Visit the DIGEST BLOG: http://www.researchdigest.org.uk/blog to comment on( y9 i+ p5 i0 i, H- L' ?. U6 E/ U
this research, search past items and discover more links.

In the A-level syllabus: AQA spec A, A2, cognitive [url=http://psysoper.com]psychology[/url], attention and
pattern recognition. AQA spec B, AS, cognitive [url=http://psysoper.com]psychology[/url], perception and
attention. SQA adv higher, cognitive [url=http://psysoper.com]psychology[/url], attention.9 b) [& H( d: i- ^+ j+ v
" q- _+ z. g: l" v5 Q
----------------------------------------1 t% n2 A4 K3 q% Q
4. It matters how much blood video games have in them
----------------------------------------

Hype surrounding the global release of the gangster-themed video game Grand
Theft Auto IV has renewed the long-standing debate over whether violent
games make players more aggressive. Now Christopher Barlett and colleagues
have provided a fresh angle on the issue by specifically testing whether the
amount of blood in a game makes any difference to its effects on aggression.
- F5 `4 }6 R$ q* M$ R
The researchers took advantage of the fact that the game Mortal Combat:
Deadly Alliance allows players to select one of four blood levels, from none4 p& ]" r* Z. s; @2 C( O
to maximum (in which copious amounts of blood spurts everywhere and gets
trodden by characters around the playing area).5 j9 k0 i: j" P' z4 }! Z
* X: t$ Y- o5 v6 _8 r
Of 74 students who played the Mortal Combat game for 15 minutes, those who7 O5 P& A" f7 U+ n+ r$ _
played on the maximum blood level experienced larger increases in hostility
after playing (as judged by their agreement with statements like "I feel
furious") and larger increases in arousal as measured by their heart rate,
than did the players on the lower or zero blood levels.% B% M8 s% j3 g7 X) ]% p% G

Those students who played the game with blood also showed higher levels of) M% j3 u+ E# L. C$ N1 p5 I
aggression, compared with those who played without blood, as indicated by# x$ p5 F9 u6 ^4 I# a0 }; p
their greater use of their character's weapon in the game, which they'd been
told would inflict more damage on their opponents.

A second experiment with 31 students showed that playing Mortal Combat on
the maximum blood level, as compared with the no blood level, activated more2 h3 D8 j+ c/ S' V5 P' z  z1 y" D
aggression related thoughts, as measured by participants' choice of how to  d' z( K9 v7 \( K. m! X% h
complete ambiguous word stems like KI-- (e.g. KILL vs. KISS).
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"...[T]he violence, plus the high amount of blood, primes more aggressive
thoughts in memory compared with just playing the violent game without the
blood," the researchers said.
_________________________________
  Y; I9 y4 q/ I7 A" ?
BARLETT, C., HARRIS, R., BRUEY, C. (2008). The effect of the amount of blood
in a violent video game on aggression, hostility, and arousal. Journal of
Experimental Social [url=http://psysoper.com]psychology[/url], 44(3), 539-546.+ q8 B% _% A" {$ a
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2007.10.003
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Author weblink: [url=http://www.[url=http://psysoper.com]psychology[/url].iastate.edu/index.php?id=98]http://www.[url=http://psysoper.com]psychology[/url].iastate.edu/index.php?id=98[/url]5 ^% O5 c( c  J2 W1 g9 t
/ O% h# _! L" F3 ~; S/ _1 r" ], b4 D
*Visit the DIGEST BLOG: http://www.researchdigest.org.uk/blog to comment on1 f( F9 I0 b  T
this research, search past items and discover more links.
- L2 p1 A3 j* u. }+ K  S
In the A-level syllabus: AQA spec A, A2, social [url=http://psysoper.com]psychology[/url], pro and anti
social behaviour, nature and causes of aggression. Edexcel, A2,& O: U8 m: R3 j3 Q/ _0 D
criminological [url=http://psysoper.com]psychology[/url], the effects of media on violence. SQA adv higher,- M' n# h) {% G9 V# ~8 e
social [url=http://psysoper.com]psychology[/url], anti social behaviour, media influences.( {% z3 S6 Z$ u- L

----------------------------------------. e6 T5 n& m9 n& A, d+ O. j
5. The price of thinking "It would have been worse under Saddam"
----------------------------------------
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After news broke that US soldiers had mistreated their prisoners at the Abu
Ghraib jail in Iraq, a common reaction among pro-war politicians was to% {7 d) E4 ?" `1 g7 t
remind the public that: "It would have been worse under Saddam". Whatever+ _) U4 @8 f0 w7 X
the truth of this claim, new research suggests that comparing a current
situation with an even worse atrocity comes with a price - it desensitises# [- E7 y6 r% h, t4 m& o8 t
our judgment of future moral violations.0 d- `3 q* h+ Z5 _

Forty student participants read an account of the atrocities committed by US
troops at Abu Ghraib. A random subset of these students then read about the
torture and executions that took place at the prison during Saddam Hussein's% f* x7 q9 X" z3 |; N
regime. Regardless of their own beliefs, they then had to compose an
argument for how conditions at the prison would have been worse under0 |0 M6 t) V0 c; M5 H/ N
Saddam's control. Other students, instead of reading about the prison under
Saddam, read about an Iraqi prison run by Danish guards where captives were
treated ethically. These students then had to compose an argument for how
the standards of the Danish guards were better than the US guards. A control5 Z5 B, H+ Z, c6 b  Q  S5 D
group of students just read about the US troop atrocities.

After all this, the students reported their own views on the US troop1 J: ?% a6 G9 J6 {
atrocities and they answered questions about how US troops should treat/ H+ ?8 j8 t& l9 C5 a0 k
prisoners in the future - for example, by stating whether or not they agreed
with the use of torture to gain enemy information.# ^! W# k" \' k, Z) a

It turned out that the students who'd been asked to compare US-controlled' \9 d9 C- K! z2 v, M0 K2 q
Abu Ghraib conditions with conditions when under Saddam Hussein's control+ f3 N( z% ?7 _% v; [7 `0 b
subsequently reported more lenient views of the atrocities by US troops and,/ I- ^: f0 X7 z7 D4 u
most crucially, expressed lower ethical standards regarding how US troops
should treat prisoners in the future, than did the control students and the9 z  S9 H. o2 S5 }
students who compared US with Danish prison standards.

Keith Markman and colleagues who conducted the research said: "Our point is
to question the usefulness of drawing a comparison between Abu Ghraib under
American control and Abu Ghraib under Saddam's control....t appears that
the contemplation of such a comparison lowers personal standards toward the
very comparison standard against which one is seeking to contrast."
_________________________________

MARKMAN, K., MIZOGUCHI, N., MCMULLEN, M. (2008). "It would have been worse
under Saddam": Implications of counterfactual thinking for beliefs regarding
the ethical treatment of prisoners of war. Journal of Experimental Social0 O3 Z6 s0 U) l: w- F5 H
[url=http://psysoper.com]psychology[/url], 44(3), 650-654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2007.03.005
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Author weblink: [url=http://markman.social [url=http://psysoper.com]psychology[/url].org/]http://markman.social [url=http://psysoper.com]psychology[/url].org/[/url]
- V' A; h2 E6 m6 W% D% s+ o7 M
*Visit the DIGEST BLOG: http://www.researchdigest.org.uk/blog to comment on" [+ `! r! V" _" y. C; G
this research, search past items and discover more links.2 P3 p8 L1 Q2 ~' F$ T+ w( e9 V

Further reading: See Markman, K.D. & McMullen, M.N. (2003). A reflection and' J: P8 O1 I0 P1 o! r" {, U
evaluation model of comparative thinking. Personality and Social [url=http://psysoper.com]psychology[/url]) S1 [: B  p5 U  x
Review, 7, 244-267.& p3 I' A4 @$ |& F% p# M  r9 D0 L
http://homepage.mac.com/danlassiter/.Public/Markman_REM.pdf
2 O' c) ?9 l% C- H( h! m* O
----------------------------------------
6. Are people with borderline personality really more empathic?3 l" w9 l0 @+ @1 `: X
----------------------------------------

People with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are emotionally fragile,# ?/ b$ p2 [# v# F* H  Z* Y, k
impulsive, suffer from low mood, have intense unstable personal4 e& Z/ x! i* K* d' o9 v4 n$ b
relationships and - according to a handful of studies - they also have
enhanced empathy.

But new research by Judith Flury and colleagues shows the idea that BPD
patients have enhanced empathy is a spurious finding reflecting the
methodological design of prior studies combined with the fact BPD patients4 ~$ S3 D$ ?* p* o6 L$ M- s" y
are particularly difficult to read.
# v" n9 f, O# q6 X1 o) ~
The 76 lowest and highest scorers on the Borderline Syndrome Index were
selected from among 789 students. These 76 were then arranged into pairs of
low and high borderline participants. The members of each pair were videoed3 I9 \7 a4 t! F  Y  Q. `
chatting to each other for ten minutes, after which each person completed a! m' E! M5 I# x! o2 Z+ J+ d
personality questionnaire about themselves, and about how they thought their$ u0 T+ k6 ~( y) B/ q1 h" y, o
partner saw themselves. This latter part of the design mirrors the7 T0 u$ Z4 ?; d1 U$ k4 B& z
methodology of earlier studies that seemed to show BPD is associated with
enhanced empathy.- z% Q! Z8 ~. y3 D  i
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As in the earlier studies, it turned out that the high borderline students. K) U6 q* z. w7 C8 d
were better than the low borderline students at predicting how their' g: R- T7 L. M  `1 y+ R5 x
partners scored their own personalities - a sign of empathy, you'd think.1 n- y: \/ }9 E8 u! Z1 z
But further analysis showed that this finding was caused by the fact that/ x9 H4 q% A, K3 w6 M. h) i1 V& H
all the students tended to score their partners' personalities in a fairly2 f5 J4 X( m  V
stereotypical way. This tactic worked if a participant's partner was low; F% o$ M0 a0 o- A) v
borderline (with a less unusual personality profile), but not if they were! e2 E! b) x% N
high borderline with an unusual personality profile - hence the apparent
finding that high borderline scorers are more empathic.

The students also watched the videos of themselves meeting their partners,  k2 ?& W/ n9 ]
and recorded the main thoughts and feelings they had experienced during the. F: ^: @% V+ ^; C8 D4 o' B) u
encounter. They then watched the video again and attempted to predict what
their partner had reported thinking and feeling during the encounter. Again,
the high borderline students scored better at this task, but as before, this
simply reflected the fact that within each of the student pairs, it was the
low borderline students who had the more predictable, less outlandish" m; G4 y! L0 l  ~
thoughts and feelings.
_________________________________& p/ u9 r3 b8 S7 ~% a, f- E! J1 d
5 ^4 U3 h* E% _4 }, |8 A
FLURY, J., ICKES, W., SCHWEINLE, W. (2008). The borderline empathy effect:
Do high BPD individuals have greater empathic ability? Or are they just more
difficult to "read"? Journal of Research in Personality, 42(2), 312-332.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2007.05.008
  \$ ?1 _/ y  k' g7 R+ M1 N; ~% k
Author weblink: [url=http://www.uta.edu/[url=http://psysoper.com]psychology[/url]/faculty/ickes/ickes.htm]http://www.uta.edu/[url=http://psysoper.com]psychology[/url]/faculty/ickes/ickes.htm[/url]- N5 r; k  Q. [; H1 h: E3 o& m

*Visit the DIGEST BLOG: http://www.researchdigest.org.uk/blog to comment on
this research, search past items and discover more links.: p( N7 \' ^+ ~# w

Further reading: Ladisich, W. & Feil, W.B. (1988). Empathy in psychiatric; f8 a7 E# _! G
patients. British Journal of Medical [url=http://psysoper.com]psychology[/url], 61, 155-162.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3401423
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7. Link fest
----------------------------------------
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For more of these links see the Digest blog:* \+ w& _* K$ t. _2 `" @4 C  F. D
http://www.researchdigest.org.uk/blog

THE SPECIAL ISSUE SPOTTER
Verbalising visual memories (European Journal of Cognitive [url=http://psysoper.com]psychology[/url]).8 t( A* ]! M8 l3 S! }
http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=g791897019
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EXTRAS
Making choices is mentally exhausting, such that it leaves us with less5 K0 Y1 u8 u8 R
self-control (pdf).
http://www.carlsonschool.umn.edu/assets/113144.pdf
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ELSEWHERE
Have psychotherapies been overhyped?! o. A, H7 g" m# z( g5 I
http://bps-research-digest.blogspot.com/2008/05/have-psychotherapies-been-overhyped.html1 o- b  t% Q6 f& g

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Student membership now open to A-level students, as well as undergrads, from
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Simply request an application pack via the BPS office:
Tel. 0116 254 9568, Email enquiry@bps.org.uk* T, b" S1 u9 H. i
or visit http://www.bps.org.uk/membership/4 x8 `/ l4 I5 [4 ~8 i; B$ v+ s3 A2 X

Membership of The Society offers students many benefits: THE
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the library is housed in the [url=http://psysoper.com]psychology[/url] Library of the University of0 d+ E! z8 K- x' S  i9 Q0 ^
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10. May's Psychologist magazine:2 Z) j2 H7 V. l" U& H0 ]# F7 r
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Articles this month: [url=http://psysoper.com]psychology[/url] and wine. Working memory in the classroom.
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11. Acknowledgments
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Many thanks again to the journals and publishers who participate in the# P: H2 P1 r* P
Research Digest - Blackwell Publishing, Routledge and [url=http://psysoper.com]psychology[/url] Press1 a8 \9 B, i- o$ l( ~
(both Taylor and Francis Group), Oxford University Press, Cambridge. g1 _+ J4 X8 d" i1 r2 w
University Press, John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Nature Neuroscience, Elsevier# r" {6 Q8 N$ }
Ltd, the journal Science, and the journals of the British Psychological* V1 `1 M6 G% U9 V( `+ U
Society./ [' `8 ~/ B2 T* p" g/ R) c

*If you are a publisher and would like your journals to have the chance5 \1 Q3 R8 s% i; O% a0 S- w+ B
to feature here, please contact the editor on:
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Please note, the Society cannot accept responsibility for the content of9 H! y3 P- C- ?1 b7 e2 Y" P
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END of ISSUE
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