动物心理学的定义是什么？

Davis

虽然看了一些资料，但都没有找到动物心理学这个学科的定义% T0 w, v3 w% l
感觉上所谓动物心理学和动物行为学没有什么两样，大家是怎么看的9 I2 e$ \" X* ?8 r

6 ^7 C" Z/ N8 \5 ~[ 本帖最后由 Davis 于 2008-7-30 12:45 编辑 ]

danny

纯粹的动物心理，我不是很清楚，我只知道人类和动物比较研究人类心理的比较心理学。 0 q; S) n1 y5 f; U
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类似劳伦兹这样的动物行为学家，不知道具体应该怎么算？以前，我还以为DARWIN和心理学没关系，但看看很多心理学史上，还有有他的专门介绍。。。。。

Davis

《ANIMAL INTELLGENCE》（动物的智慧）  ( K! Q& u; |3 i  C. B  q: y2 C
  E.L.Thorndike（桑代克）; D( }. j; i& O
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《Animal behavior : an evolutionary approach》
' m- E2 `* r- _: N8 j/ R John Alcock/ e& a* F7 [2 ?' O, @3 e
最新为第八版 BY CASEBOUND % p: U) D3 t- M, g; ~
出版时间:APRIL 12 2005
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* d4 k; X* @9 |- d! u0 R3 G《动物的智能》  t/ D: q  D. _1 J" a
雅克.沃克莱尔
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E. L. Thorndike and the Origins of Animal Psychology

On the Nature of the Animal in Psychology

Henderikus J. Stam and Tanya Kalmanovitch) z" n! w$ j  G% p
University of Calgary

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E. L. Thorndike's deliberate use of the experimental method and rejection of anthropomorphism and anecdotalism place him squarely at the beginning of a century of animal research in psychology. The authors examine Thorndike's critique of the extant research of his day and the development of his methods, including the important way in which animals and children were often taken as interchangeable sources of data for the new functional psychology. Thorndike's research clearly altered the relationship between psychologist and animal, as is demonstrated by his own studies and those that were published in the decade that followed. The authors review this body of work in the early 20th century for (a) the manner in which it exchanges anthropomorphism for mechanicotheriomorphism and (b) its constitution of the animal as a conflation between organism and technology. The authors conclude by noting the importance of debates concerning anthropomorphism in psychology for the century-long question of consciousness.

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October 1998 • American Psychologist

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American Psychologist.rar (1.89 MB)

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2007-5-19 19:09

2007-5-19 19:20

Is this guy,right?

Davis

RIGHT DUDE AND BOOK! BOOK!2 `) S1 Q7 j; ?# {! z7 Y
扫了论文前面一点' ~  t/ n- C' @* Z
似懂非懂的忽悠一下：/ t$ A) P" F! o: t$ U

8 |  u( F9 V5 q每一个学科都要从简单基础的东西开始，研究动物的困难程度远小于人。而所谓行为学和心理学，也许正是在动物身上找到了交汇点，原始的意识应该是从复杂的行为中产生的。另一方面，人类意识应该与动物意识有交叉之处，通过研究动物意识，寻找这个交叉部分，分离人所继承的动物智能和异于动物的性情，也许是理解人性的真正出路。

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A CENTURY OF EFFECT: LEGACIES OF E. L. THORNDIKE’S ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE MONOGRAPH! x. d, i+ j9 g
KENNON A. LATTAL
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Edward L. Thorndike’s monograph, Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associative Processes in Animals, is reviewed with respect to three contemporary issues: the relation between human behavior and that of other animals, the law of effect, and research methods for studying behavior. Thorndike employed an experimental analysis, rather than relying on either anecdote or naturalistic observation, to study problem solving and other behavioral processes of cats, dogs, and chicks. His analysis focused on whether the similarities between humans and other animals were homologous,that is, functionally equivalent, or whether they were merely analogous in form. Concluding the latter, he used the law of effect, not stated as such until long after the monograph was published,
2 M$ |1 {+ C: Kto account for the behavioral processes he studied, without appeal to reason or other cognitive mechanisms. His combination of applying experimental methods to the study of animal behavior and his insistence on objectivity in behavioral description were prescient of such later behaviorists as Watson and Skinner./ h# |" e1 }; J0 d' m

/ S" Y) v  q2 w; ]9 m& AJOURNAL OF THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR 1998, 70, 325–336 NUMBER 3 (NOVEMBER)
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THORNDIKE.rar (107.27 KB)

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2007-5-19 21:35

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THORNDIKE’S LEGACY: LEARNING,SELECTION, AND THE LAW OF EFFECT
- K, W' k0 I4 a- w3 H# |9 }A. CHARLES CATANIA5 j' t! j* r# O. _! v+ s3 Y
UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE COUNTY

' V6 B$ M8 \) J8 v* k' T+ vThis introduction to a symposium on the centennial of Edward L. Thorndike’s 1898 monograph on animal intelligence briefly considers the origins of his law of effect and the influence of Darwin’s selectionism. It also provides the background for an unfinished book review by William W. Cumming of a biography of Thorndike. The review places in historical context Thorndike’s position both on psychology as a science of behavior and on the vocabulary of that science.% E$ r3 U- K# q* n
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JOURNAL OF THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR 1999, 72, 425–428

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What are Animals? Why Anthropomorphism is Still Not a Scientific Approach to Behavior
" Y# M0 k( b/ AClive D. L. Wynne
# t, X$ x7 E8 Q+ U6 }University of Florida

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Before Darwin, the relationship of humans to the rest of creation was straightforward. Animals had instincts and habits: humans were blessed with rationality and language. Darwin’s recognition of the interrelatedness of all living things made this position untenable. Around the time of the publication of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection, people began to use the term “anthropomorphism” to describe the attribution of human qualities to nonhuman animals. The rise of Behaviorism (e.g., Watson, 1913) led to a concentration on observable phenomena and treated ‘anthropomorphism’ only in a pejorative sense. Ethology, which arose in the 1930s, shared the Behaviorists’ distaste for anthropomorphic and mentalistic explanations (e.g., Tinbergen, 1951). This reticence was punctured by Griffin in 1976. Griffin argued that all animal species are consciously aware and consequently, anthropomorphism is an entirely appropriate way of thinking about animals. Several contemporary authors have attempted to ‘tame’ anthropomorphism into a respectable branch of psychology. Burghardt (1991) coined the term “critical anthropomorphism” to distinguish the inevitable (“naïve”) anthropomorphic impulses that human beings uncritically bring to other species, from a sophisticated anthropomorphism. This latter type of anthropomorphism uses the assumption that animals have private experiences as an “heuristic method to formulate research agendas that result in publicly verifiable data that move our understanding of behavior forward” (Burghardt, 1991, p. 86). I shall argue that, as I put it once before, “the reintroduction of anthropomorphism risks bringing back the dirty bathwater as we rescue the baby” (Wynne, 2004). The study of animal cognition will only proceed effectively once it rids itself of pre-scientific notions like anthropomorphism. / X) \- e' _3 M- g- Q7 I

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2007-5-19 22:30

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推荐一个动物行为研究机构：http://bbs.psysoper.com/thread-1322-1-1.html

铁马冰河

谢谢。! Q& C3 L5 Q3 Q- B" |2 C1 o4 \
桑代克过于久远，只具有文献的考古意义。2 p2 d9 G6 N, @$ I6 B6 v

* |* p) t7 v4 {, ]/ q; U对于《Animal behavior : an evolutionary approach》感兴趣。这是探讨动物行为的必读，列入种种推荐。

lsdtk

行为是心理活动的外在表现，动物这个特点应该更明显。