10. Coping and Physical Health During Caregiving: The Roles of Positive and Negative Affect
) |  Z+ l' |5 ~- T2 p, {( E; HDouglas W. Billings, Susan Folkman, Michael Acree, and Judith Tedlie Moskowitz6 z. k! ?* Z' ?' T
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The associations among coping, mood, and health variables were examined prospectively over 2 years in 86 HIV positive (HIV+) and 167 HTV negative (HIV—) gay men undergoing the stress of AIDSrelated caregiving. Path models suggested that including both positive and negative mood and the men's associated coping strategies increases understanding of why some people suffer adverse health effects during times of stress. Among the HIV— caregivers, higher levels of social coping predicted increases in positive affect, which in tum resulted in lower levels of physical symptoms. In contrast, higher levels of cognitive avoidance predicted increases in negative affect, which in turn resulted in higher levels of physical symptoms. Self-injurious forms of avoidance coping predicted higher levels of physical symptoms independent of mood among the HIV+ caregivers.

11. Attitude Toward Women's Societal Roles Moderates the Effect of Gender Cues on Target Individuation+ L8 l% @4 v0 ]: F* T- q" e
Tracie L. Stewart, Patricia M. Vassar, Diana T. Sanchez and Susannah E. David( b' A# U% X! G9 r3 m# I
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In 4 studies, participants read trait descriptions and formed impressions of 2 male and 2 female targets. They then attempted to recall which traits had described each target. As predicted, participants with a "progressive" attitude toward women's rights and roles (J. T. Spence, R. L. Hehnreich, & J. Stapp, 1973) made fewer within-group recall errors for female targets than for male targets, indicating greater individuation of the female targets, whereas participants with a "traditional" attitude made fewer errors for male targets. The findings of a 5th study suggested that progressive participants were motivated to individuate women by their belief that it is important to improve the status of women and other groups low in power and by their identification with women and feminism. Traditional participants' greater individuation of men was believed to stem from their perception of men's higher status (as confirmed by pretests) and their acceptance of the status quo.