Journal of Personality and Social Psychology（Vol. 74, Issue 3）

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01. On Feeling Good and Getting ^bur Way: Mood Effects on Negotiator Cognition and Bargaining Strategies
02. Saying No to Unwanted Thoughts: Self-Focus and the Regulation of Mental Life
03. Terror Management and Aggression: Evidence That Mortality Salience Motivates Aggression Against Worldview-Threatening Others
04. lUrning Up the Contrast: Self-Enhancement Motives Prompt Egocentric Contrast Effects in Social Judgments
05. Feedback to Minorities: Evidence of a Positive Bias
06. Self-Promotion as a Risk Factor for Women: The Costs and Benefits of Counterstereotypical Impression Management
07. Collective Identification and Social Movement Participation
08. Retrieval Processes in Transactive Memory Systems
09. On Self-Aggrandizement and Anger: A Temporal Analysis of Narcissism and Affective Reactions to Success and Failure
10. s-e-x Differences in Emotion: Expression, Experience, and Physiology
11. Can the Promise of Reward Increase Creativity?
12. The Relationship Between Racial Identity and Self-Esteem in African American College and High School Students
13. Symbolic Immortality and the Management of the Terror of Death: The Moderating Role of Attachment Style
14. Personal Resilience, Cognitive Appraisals, and Coping: An Integrative Model of Adjustment to Abortion
15. Ambivalence Over Emotional Expression and Reading Emotions in Situations and Faces
16. The Sense of Control as a Moderator of Social Class Differences in Health and Well-Being
17. Self-Control as Limited Resource: Regulatory Depletion Patterns
18. Regulating Responses to Anger: Effects of Rumination and Distraction on Angry Mood
19. Achieved Eminence in Minority and Majority Cultures: Convergence Versus Divergence in the Assessments of 294 African Americans
20. Genetic and Environmental Influences on MMPI Factor Scales: Joint Model Fitting to Twin and Adoption Data

[ 本帖最后由 ：芭芭拉 于 2008-7-29 13:51 编辑 ]

：芭芭拉

01. On Feeling Good and Getting ^bur Way: Mood Effects on Negotiator Cognition and Bargaining Strategies
Joseph P. Forgas

Are happy people more likely to be coO p e r ative and successful negotiators? On the basis of the Affect Infusion Model (ATM; Forgas, 1995a), Experiment 1 predicted and found that bodi good and bad moods had a significant mood-congruent effect on people's thoughts and plans, and on their negotiation strategies and outcomes in both interpersonal and intergroup bargaining. Experiment 2 replicated these results and also showed that mood effects were reduced for persons more likely to adopt motivated processing strategies (scoring high on machiavellianism and need for approval). Experiment 3 confirmed these effects and demonstrated that the mood of the opposition also produced more mood-congruent bargaining strategies and outcomes. The results are discussed in terms of affect priming influences on interpersonal behaviors, and the implications of these findings for reallife cognitive tasks and bargaining encounters are considered.

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02. Saying No to Unwanted Thoughts: Self-Focus and the Regulation of Mental Life
C. Neil Macrae, Galen V. Bodenhausen, Alan B. Milne

Drawing from models of mental control and cognitive self-regulation, it was hypothesized that heightened self-focus would promote the spontaneous suppression of social stereotypes. Participants who were induced to experience heightened self-focus indeed produced less stereotypic descriptions of social targets (Studies 1-4). Study 5 further demonstrated that self-focus produced reductions in stereotyping only among those participants whose personal standards dictated stereotype avoidance. A final study demonstrated that these spontaneous forms of stereotype suppression can produce a rebound effect, in which the magnitude of stereotyping increases markedly after a period of suppression. These findings are considered in the context of contemporary issues in mental control and social stereotyping.

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03. Terror Management and Aggression: Evidence That Mortality Salience Motivates Aggression Against Worldview-Threatening Others
Holly A. McGregor, Joel D. Lieberman, Jeff Greenberg, Sheldon Solomon, Jamie Arndt, Linda Simon, Tom Pyszczynski

The hypothesis that mortality salience (MS) motivates aggression against worldview-threatening others was tested in 4 studies. In Study 1, the experimenters induced participants to write about either their own death or a control topic, presented them with a target who either disparaged their political views or did not, and gave them the opportunity to choose the amount of hot sauce the target would have to consume. As predicted, MS participants allocated a particularly large amount of hot sauce to the worldview-threatening target. In Studies 2 and 3, the authors found that following MS induction, the opportunity to express a negative attitude toward the critical target eliminated aggression and the opportunity to aggress against the target eliminated derogation. This suggests that derogation and aggression are two alternative modes of responding to MS that serve the same psychological function. Finally, Study 4 showed that MS did not encourage aggression against a person who allocated unpleasant juice to the participant, supporting the specificity of MS-induced aggression to worldview-threatening others.

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04. lUrning Up the Contrast: Self-Enhancement Motives Prompt Egocentric Contrast Effects in Social Judgments
Keith S. Beauregard and David Dunning

Contrast effects occur when people judge the behavior and attitudes of others relative to their own. We tested a motivational account suggesting that these effects arise because people tailor their judgments of others to affirm their own self-worth. Consistent with that interpretation, participants displayed more egocentric contrast in their judgments of another person's intelligence (i.e., their evaluation of his score on the Scholastic Aptitude Test was more negatively related to their own score) after their self-esteem was threatened than after it was bolstered (Studies 1 and 2). High-selfesteem individuals displayed more judgmental contrast overall than did their low-esteem counterparts (Study 2). Strongly pro-choice participants whose esteem was threatened also displayed more contrast in their judgments of another person's attitude on abortion, relative to esteem-bolstered participants (Study 3). Discussion centers on the implications of these findings for theory on social comparison, self-affirmation, and social judgment.

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05. Feedback to Minorities: Evidence of a Positive Bias
Kent D. Harber

This research tested the prediction that Whites supply more lenient feedback to Blacks than to fellow Whites. In Study 1, White undergraduates were led to believe that they were giving feedback on essays written by either a Black or a White fellow student. As predicted, feedback was less critical when the supposed feedback recipient was Black rather than White. It was also predicted that the feedback bias would be selective for subjective evaluative domains (i.e., essay content) in contrast to objective evaluative domains (i.e., essay mechanics). An interaction between recipient race and evaluative domain confirmed this prediction. The domain-specific quality of the feedback bias suggests that the bias may arise from social motives rather than from more automatic processes. Study 2 replicated these results.

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06. Self-Promotion as a Risk Factor for Women: The Costs and Benefits of Counterstereotypical Impression Management
Laurie A. Rudman

Three experiments tested and extended recent theory regarding motivational influences on impression formation (S. T. Fiske & S. L. Neuberg, 1990; J. L. Hilton & J. M. Darley, 1991) in the context of an impression management dilemma that women face: Self-promotion may be instrumental for managing a competent impression, yet women who self-promote may suffer social reprisals for violating gender prescriptions to be modest. Experiment 1 investigated the influence of perceivers' goals on processes that inhibit stereotypical thinking, and reactions to counterstereotypical behavior. Experiments 2 - 3 extended these findings by including male targets. For female targets, self-promotion led to higher competence ratings but incurred social attraction and hireability costs unless perceivers were outcome-dependent males. For male targets, self-effacement decreased competence and hireability ratings, though its effects on social attraction were inconsistent.

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07. Collective Identification and Social Movement Participation
Bernd Simon, Michael Loewy, Stefan Sturmer, Ulrike Weber, Peter Freytag, Corinna Habig, Claudia Kampmeier, and Peter Spahlinger

Determinants of collective behavior, as suggested by the social identity or self-categorization approach and social movement research, were examined in 2 field studies. Study 1 was conducted in the context of the older people's movement in Germany and Study 2 in the context of the gay movement in the United States. Both studies yielded similar results pointing to 2 independent pathways to willingness to participate in collective action; one is based on cost-benefit calculations (including normative considerations), and the other is based on collective identification as an activist. Study 2 included an experimental manipulation and provided evidence for the causal role of collective identification as an activist. Directions for future research on the proposed dual-pathway model are suggested.

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08. Retrieval Processes in Transactive Memory Systems
Andrea B. Hollingshead

TWo experiments examined retrieval processes in transactive memory systems (D. M. Wegner, 1987). In Experiment 1, intimate couples who worked face to face performed better on a knowledge-pooling task than strangers who worked face to face and better than intimate couples who worked via a computer conferencing system. Additional analyses indicated that intimate couples when interacting face to face were better able to determine which partner was correct on questions that only 1 member knew the answer to prior to discussion. In Experiment 2, intimate couples scored significantly better on the knowledge task when they had access to either nonverbal or paralinguistic communication cues than when they had access to neither. Taken together, the results indicate that both nonverbal and paralinguistic communication play an important role in the retrieval of knowledge in transactive memory systems.

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09. On Self-Aggrandizement and Anger: A Temporal Analysis of Narcissism and Affective Reactions to Success and Failure
Frederick Rhodewalt and Carolyn C. Morf

Narcissists are thought to display extreme affective reactions to positive and negative information about the self. Two experiments were conducted in which high- and low-narcissistic individuals, as defined by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NP1), completed a series of tasks in which they both succeeded and failed. After each task, participants made attributions for their performance and reported their moods. High-NPI participants responded with greater changes in anxiety, anger, and self-esteem. Low self-complexity was examined, but it neither mediated nor moderated affective responses. High-NPI participants tended to attribute initial success to ability, leading to more extreme anger responses and greater self-esteem reactivity to failure. A temporal sequence model linking self-attribution and emotion to narcissistic rage is discussed.