心理专业学生如何才能做好学问？（第二部分）

sos862004

第二部分：

Abstract
Many research-focused graduate students are concerned about what seems to be a lack of opportunities in academia, as well as about how to actually begin and develop a career in psychological science. Recognizing this, the American Psychological Association (APA) Science Student Council organized a distinguished scientist discussion hour at APA’s 105th Annual Convention in Chicago. Three distinguished scientists, Martin Seligman, Robert Sternberg, and Shelly Taylor, agreed to contribute as panelists. In a dialogue with the audience, they discussed a variety of career‐related issues, ranging from how to pursue a career in psychological science to how the panelists’ own careers had developed. This article summarizes this exchange, offering insight for all those embarking on a career in science.

Introduction: Listening to Graduate Students

As the 20th century draws to a close, the future of psychology would appear to be on solid ground: Psychology has an impressive foundation of research, a vibrant professional community, and a strong practitioner commitment to addressing seemingly intractable problems. Yet challenges remain, particularly with respect to the prospects for research‐focused graduate students and their career opportunities inside and outside academia. Although these students represent the future of psychological science in the next century, their concerns are seldom voiced in the larger professional community. This is unfortunate, because their concerns have profound implications for progress in the discipline.

Recognizing this, the American Psychological Association (APA) Science Directorate formed the APA Science Student Council to serve as an advisory group to find more opportunities for APA to relate to research‐focused graduate students and to encourage students to become involved in APA science activities. On the basis of discussions with these students, there appears to be great uncertainty about the prospects for a career in psychological science. This includes an apparent lack of opportunities within academia,as well as more pragmatic concerns about how one actually pursues a career in science.

The Science Student Council has begun to address these issues, pursuing a number of initiatives designed to create a dialogue in the professional community. As one important step, we thought it might be useful to talk with scholars who have achieved high levels of success in the field. To reach the widest audience possible, we proposed a jointly sponsored (with the Science Directorate and the American Psychological Association of Graduate Students [APAGS]) discussion hour at APA’s 105th Annual Convention in Chicago. It was our good fortune to have three distinguished scientists agree to contribute as panelists: Martin Seligman from the University of Pennsylvania, Robert Sternberg from Yale University, and Shelley Taylor from the University of California, Los Angeles.

As chair of the session, I solicited questions from research‐focused graduate students, focusing on a variety of career‐related issues, ranging from how to pursue a career in psychological science to how the panelists'own careers developed. In addition, audience members asked questions during the session. What resulted was an insightful exchange between the panelists and the audience that touched on numerous issues of interest to graduate students in general. This article is an edited version of the exchange. Christina Manning (University of Minnesota) then reflects on the session from her perspective as a graduate student. Finally, a brief bibliography provides some resources for research‐focused students and new psychologists that may help them plan their own careers. It is our hope that this article elicits further dialogue on these critical issues.

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摘要：
       许多研究取向的研究生关心学术界的机会怎么样？以及如何在心理科学里开始和发展自己的研究生涯？认识到这些，美国心理协会（APA）学生委员会在105届芝加哥年会上组织了一个著名心理学家的辩论会。三个著名心理学家，马丁•塞利格曼（Martin Seligman）、罗伯特•斯腾伯格（Robert Sternberg）和谢利•泰勒（Shelly Taylor）允诺参与辩论。在与听众的对话中，他们讨论研究生涯中的多个主题，从如何追求科学心理学研究生涯到辩论者他们自己的生涯是如何发展的。这篇文章总结了这次交流，可为那些准备开始（心理）科学生涯的人提供一些参考。

       引言：倾听研究生
       随着20世纪接近尾声，心理学的未来似乎建立在牢固的基础上：心理学拥有令人印象深刻的研究基础，拥有庞大的学术共同体（professional community）以及坚强的实践承诺去解决那些看似难处理的问题。然而，挑战仍然存在，特别是关于研究的前景——研究取向的研究生和他们在学术界内外的生涯发展机会。虽然这些学术代表了下个世纪心理科学的未来，但是他们的关切很少能在更大的学术共同体中得到表达。这是不幸的，因为他们的关切对本学科的进步有着深远的影响。
       认识到这点，美国心理协会(APA)科学理事组建了科学学生委员会，作为顾问团来为研究取向的研究发现更多的机会，鼓励这些研究生参与APA的科学活动。在与这些学生交流的基础上，（他们发现）心理科学里的生涯发展前景面临巨大的不确定性。这包括在学术界内部明显缺乏机会，也包括明显缺乏对一个人如何追求科学生涯的实际关心。
科学学生委员会已经着手解决这类问题，实施许多计划，这些计划期望创造学术共同体内的对话。作为重要的一步，我们认为与已经取得较高成就的心理学家进行交流可能是有用的。为了覆盖尽可能多地的听众，我们发起了一个在APA105届芝加哥年会上共同举办的辩论会（与the Science Directorate and the American Psychological Association of Graduate Students [APAGS]共同举办）。我们很荣幸地请到三位著名的科学家同意参加此次辩论：宾夕法尼亚大学的马丁•塞利格曼（Martin Seligman）、耶鲁大学的罗伯特•斯腾伯格（Robert Sternberg）和加州大学洛杉矶分校的谢利•泰勒（Shelly Taylor）。
       作为此次会议的主席，我从研究取向研究生那里收集了很多与生涯发展相关的问题，从如何在心理科学界追求生涯发展到辩论者自己的生涯发展。此外，听众在辩论会过程中还提出了很多问题。结果是辩论者与听众之间的富有洞察力的辩论也涉及对一般研究生也有重要价值的诸多话题。明尼苏达大学的克里斯蒂娜•曼尼（Christina Manning）随后从她作为研究生的角度反思了这次辩论会。最后，我们为研究取向的研究生和新心理学家提供了一个简短的参考书目，这些将有助于他们计划他们自己的生涯。我们希望这篇文章能为推进这些重要问题上的对话抛砖引玉。