心理专业学生如何才能做好学问？第三部分9

sos862004

What kinds of problems did you have while a graduate student, and how were you able to overcome them?

Shelley Taylor.
The problems that I think I had in graduate school are not the ones I most commonly see. The ones I most commonly see are people have difficulty putting pen to pa-per; they spin a lot. I never have trouble putting pen to pa-per, but that is one that I see a lot of, procrastination being somewhat related to it. The problem I think that I had and I probably still have is collaboration in the sense that I always know what I want to do. I am a better leader than I am a collaborator/follower/participant in projects, so I am actually pretty bad at big collaborative projects with other senior investigators. I am much better when I am doing my own stuff. I think it was true in graduate school, and it is still true.

Robert Sternberg.
I think the biggest problem I had then and still have is that I always felt like an outcast. I was sort of doing what I wanted to do, and other people always seemed to be doing something different and not really valuing what I was doing. Given that I always felt out of it, what I have tried to do is turn that to a positive thing and take the position, well, I am going to do what I think is valuable and if people like it, I hope they do, and if they do not, it is tough cookies. This ties in with what Marty was just talking about, but I think my view is, for the first time, a little different from his. It is not that I have contempt for what other people have done; it is that I think they wear glasses that have the wrong coloring on them. Their lenses are distorted, or they are not quite seeing the problem right. I appreciate and value what they are doing; I just think they are wearing the wrong glasses. What I try to do is say, well, you can see it that way, but here is a way that might be worth looking at. Maybe I can even try to convince you that this way is something that you might want to adopt too. I realize that when I do that, some of them I will convince, and most I will not, and that is OK, because you will never be liked by everybody. Realizing that I am always going to feel somewhat like an outcast, I am never going to win a popularity contest, that is sort of something I have had to deal with and I still do.

Martin Seligman.
The biggest problems for me turned out to be the greatest strengths. It had to do with unpopularity and that people thought what I was doing did not make sense and was wrong. And people I viewed as very bright and very knowledgeable thought it was ridiculous that I could think that animals were cognitive on the one hand, or that I could think that learning was prepared and had genetic predispositions on the other. It was the unpopularity of what I was thinking that bothered me most. But, in retrospect, it also told me that what I was doing might well be wrong, but it had a better chance of mak-ing a difference. Now one of the problems I have has to do with the fact that the older you get and the more power you accumulate, the less readily people tell you you are full of it. Remaining unpopular hurts, but it is something you have to seek.

fanhypsy

在研究生阶段你们遇到过哪些问题？是如何解决的？

谢利•泰勒：
      我在研究生阶段所遇到的问题并不普遍。我觉得那时普遍的问题是，一些人落笔很困难，他们总在拖延。我从没有这样的困难，但那种人我见得很多，拖延任何与之相关的事。我的问题是，曾经是，现在仍然是，合作问题。我做一个领导者比做一个参与者要做得更好些，所以当我在一个大的协作项目中与比我高级的研究者在一起时，我就表现很差。当我做自己的事情的时候就会好很多。我想那就是研究生时代的问题，现在仍然是。

罗伯特•斯腾伯格：
      我的最大问题是，过去是，现在仍然是，我总是感觉自己被遗弃了。当我做我喜欢的事情时，其他人总是做与我不同的东西，并且认为我所做的没有价值。好像我总是有这种感觉，我所努力的就是将这个劣势转化为积极的，并占领制高点。恩，我认为是将做的是有价值的，如果人们喜欢，我希望他们喜欢，如果他们不喜欢，就需要坚持。这与Marty【应为谢利•泰勒】刚才讲的有些关联，但我认为我的观点与他的观点稍微有点不一样。不是我轻视其他人的所做作为；而是我认为他们戴着有色眼镜，那个眼镜的颜色有问题，所以看到的东西被扭曲了，他们没有能正确地看待问题。我认为他们所做的很有价值，我只是认为他们戴上了有色眼镜。我努力做的是，恩，你可以用那种方式看问题，但是另外的方式也值得一试。也许我能试着证明给你，我的方式也是你想要采纳的。当我这样做的时候，我认识到我能说服他们中某些人，但大部分人我难以说服。这就够了，因为你永远不可能被所有人喜欢。我总是感觉自己像个被遗弃的人，认识到这点，我就从未赢得流行的争辩，这就是我必须要争取的，我仍将这样做。

马丁•塞利格曼：
      对我来说最大的问题最终转变为最大力量。它与不受欢迎有关，人们认为我正在做没有用，是错的。我认为最聪明和最有学识的人认为它是荒谬可笑的，一方面我认为动物有认知能力，另一方面，我认为学习是准备好的，并有基因基础。这个不受欢迎的想法让我倍感苦恼。但是，回头想想，它也提醒我正做的也许真的就是错的。但是，有更好的机会让它变得紧要。现在与我有关的问题之一是你越老越有力量，越不需要他人告诉你充满了力量。虽然记着不受欢迎的痛，但那正是你必须追求的。